In the axial compressor, the air flows parallel to the axis of rotation. The compressor is composed of several rows of airfoil cascades. Some of the rows, called rotors, are connected to the central shaft and rotate at high speed. Other rows, called stators, are fixed and do not rotate.

New designs have been developed for axial compressors (such as modern optimized 3D designs, new blade shapes, new profiles, etc.) for improved efficiencies at normal and alternative operating points. They provide more flexibility, end-wall contouring and casing treatments for an enhanced stall margin.