Demis Hassabis and John M. Jumper were part of a Google DeepMind team whose A.I. technology predicts the shape of proteins. David Baker designed “a new protein that was unlike any other,” the committee said.

DeepMind’s AI AlphaFold allowed near-instantaneous predictions of that shape from their 2D sequences, improving drug design and basic science, while Baker in 2003 became the first person to design a wholly new protein by chaining amino acids together using a computer program.

This year's prize celebrates computational tools that have transformed biology and have the potential to revolutionise drug discovery.