The Branin, or Branin-Hoo, function has three global minima. The recommended values of a, b, c, r, s and t are: a = 1, b = 5.1 ⁄ (4π 2), c = 5 ⁄ π, r = 6, s = 10 and t = 1 ⁄ (8π). This rescaled form ...

The involvement of noncoding mRNAs in many regulatory processes, their abundance, and their diversity of functions has led to the hypothesis that an "RNA world" may have preceded the evolution of ...

Diverticulitis is a condition of the colon that occurs when small bulges or sacs called diverticula that form in the wall of the large intestine become inflamed. Physicians divide the colon into ...

Executive function describes a set of cognitive processes and mental skills that help an individual plan, monitor, and successfully execute their goals. The “executive functions,” as they’re ...

Herein, then, lies the main question: what role do international organizations have in a unipolar world? The message now is that the United States will do whatever it wants. Never mind what the ...

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The collection of proteins within a cell determines its health and function. Proteins are responsible for nearly every task of cellular life, including cell shape and inner organization ...

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States enjoys unparalleled military power. The international system is therefore unipolar. A quarter century later, however, we still possess no ...

The functions listed below are some of the common functions and datasets used for testing optimization algorithms. They are grouped according to similarities in their significant physical properties ...

Ideally, a Full paper in Food & Function should follow each Communication. These must describe science that will be of benefit to the community and are judged according to originality, quality of ...

A function is a way of describing what happens to an input variable, in order to get the output result. \(\text{Input} \rightarrow \text{FUNCTION} \rightarrow \text{Output}\) If we think of a ...

Program code is easier to read and understand when it is broken up into smaller sections. Functions and procedures can make code shorter, simpler and easier to write. While procedures are great ...