Adams is a city in Robertson County, Tennessee, United States. It is near the Kentucky state line. The population was 624 at the 2020 census. …Adams is a city in Robertson County, Tennessee, United States. It is near the Kentucky state line. The population was 624 at the 2020 census. The first settlers in what is now Adams arrived in the late 18th century. The Red River Baptist Church, one of the first churches founded west of the Cumberland Plateau, was built on the banks of the Red River in 1791. The congregation relocated to its current location on Church Street in 1898.